Simosuchus was a small, unusual notosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar (Maevarano Formation). Fully grown individuals were about 0.75 meters (2.5 feet) long.  Unlike modern crocodilians, it had a very short blunt snout and leaf shaped teeth, features that have led many paleontologists to interpret it as primarily herbivorous, though omnivory has also been considered.  It had a stocky body, short legs, and extensive bony osteoderms across much of the body. A burrowing

Spinosaurus was one of the largest predators of the mid-Cretaceous of North Africa and shows multiple traits consistent with a semi-aquatic lifestyle, including a long narrow snout with conical teeth and unusually dense limb bones that likely reduced buoyancy. Fossils from the Kem Kem Group of Morocco place it in river and delta environments, and the best supported interpretations indicate it likely fed heavily on aquatic prey such as fish, even though details of how it hunted in water are still

The end Cretaceous asteroid impact released an extraordinary amount of energy, with scientific estimates on the order of tens of millions to about one hundred million megatons of TNT. The collision generated massive tsunamis and lofted vast quantities of dust and sulfur bearing material high into the atmosphere, while global wildfires added soot. Climate models show that this combination sharply reduced sunlight, shut down photosynthesis, and drove severe global cooling for months to years, coll