The Quaternary System/Period, comprising the Holocene and Pleistocene series/epochs, encompasses the last ~2.6 Myr during which time Earth’s climate was strongly influenced by …

Quaternary Science Advances (QSA) is an international and fully Open Access journal supporting the rapid publication of peer-reviewed original research articles, short communications and …

Dec 5, 2022 · Quaternary ammonium agents, a class of organic cationic salts of substituted ammonium compounds [1], exist widely in nature, such as acetylcholine 1, betaine 2, and …

Read the latest articles of Quaternary Science Reviews at ScienceDirect.com, Elsevier’s leading platform of peer-reviewed scholarly literature

Sep 1, 2025 · Creating all-carbon quaternary centers remains a formidable challenge in synthetic organic chemistry, despite their widespread occurrence in natural products, particularly in …

Quaternary International is an international, peer-reviewed journal that embraces all aspects related to Quaternary Science. It is the official journal of the International Union for Quaternary …

The onset of the recent ice age dates back much further than the Quaternary. An overall, long-term trend of cooling global climates occurred throughout the Tertiary Period. The opening of …

Quaternary Structure A complex composed of multiple protein chains (subunits) is defined as a quaternary structure, also called a multimer, or biological assembly. Many proteins form their …

The Quaternary Period is defined as the most recent geologic era spanning the last 2.6 million years, divided into the Pleistocene and Holocene epochs, characterized by significant climatic …

May 15, 2025 · The quaternary ammonium group provides permanent positive charge, which is an ideal candidate for constructing the high PCD of membrane surface [[33], [34], [35], [36], [37], …