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  1. How to calculate the osmolality of Hepes solution?

    Jan 9, 2024 · Here is an excerpt from Kollmann et al. (2020, J. Physiol.): This ring was placed in a recording chamber continuously perfused with 37°C aerated Hepes solution containing (in mM) 136 …

  2. Stealth Mosquitoes? - Biology Stack Exchange

    Aug 26, 2024 · Have mosquitoes become silent and invisible, or am I losing my senses of hearing and sight? This summer I have seen no mosquitoes and have only heard two of them, very quiet, as I sat …

  3. metabolism - Why are 6 turns of the Calvin cycle needed to make one ...

    Oct 6, 2021 · I‘ve read that 6 turns of the Calvin cycle are required to make 1 glucose molecule. But, 3CO 2 and 3RuBP are used in one cycle and 6 triose phosphate is produced. Only 5 triose …

  4. Why are so few foods blue? - Biology Stack Exchange

    Feb 22, 2017 · Although blue foods exist, they're rare enough compared to other foods for food preparers to use blue plasters as a convention. The natural colour of a given food is due to pigments …

  5. evolution - Bootstrap question - Biology Stack Exchange

    Oct 14, 2015 · The term bootstrapping is a concept of statistics that is much broader than its particular application to phylogenetics. Bootstrapping refers to the process of sampling iteratively your own …

  6. IU Unit in Virology - Biology Stack Exchange

    Feb 11, 2020 · In a paper recently I saw "Cell are infected with 50,000 IU of virus per 100ul well". I can not seem to find a defintion of this unit? Is it a functional unit or just a count? If someone is familia...

  7. Why did the urinary bladder evolve? - Biology Stack Exchange

    Here are just a few points that might apply: Urine is used for scent marking by some species, so the ability to store urine could be useful. At the opposite side, controlling the release of a strong scent …

  8. Cytokine responsiveness - Biology Stack Exchange

    Nov 10, 2016 · Why is it that cytokine responsiveness is less in progenitor cells than their ancestors (stem cells)? What will be the benefit of such reduction in responsiveness?

  9. Distribution of hearing loss - Biology Stack Exchange

    Dec 8, 2020 · Low-frequency sounds are more penetrating, damaging. Hearing damage caused by blasts typically occurs at frequencies around 2 - 8 kHz, while age-related hearing loss starts at the …

  10. What is the speed of human immune reactions? - Biology Stack Exchange

    Sep 3, 2021 · It's easy to find general lists of immune systems: innate/adaptive, complement, phagocytes, B/T cells, and so on. Annoyingly, they are very skimpy on quantitative information …