Cumhuriyet Ä°lahiyat Dergisi, Vol. 27, Issue. 1, p. 234. The Mamluk Sultanate ruled Egypt, Syria and the Arabian hinterland along the Red Sea. Lasting from the deposition of the Ayyubid dynasty (c.
Although Dr. Mahathir Mohamad's earlier government (1981–2003) limited the powers and privileges of Malaysia's nine hereditary rulers, the political influence that they could exercise was still ...