Ancient enzymes show life’s nitrogen signal stayed unchanged for billions of years, helping scientists read early Earth.

Central Germany is among the regions where, as early as the mid-6th millennium BC, farmers displaced the Mesolithic ...

The discovery that amino acids can form in more ways than we thought is another boost to the search for life beyond Earth. If ...

Hundreds of millions of years before dinosaurs, the tallest things on land were not trees or animals but towering, trunk-like ...

Oxygen is a vital and constant presence on Earth today. But that hasn't always been the case. It wasn't until around 2.3 ...

A bizarre fossil called Prototaxites, which was the largest life-form on land 400 million years ago, may have been a ...

SAR11 bacteria dominate the world’s oceans by being incredibly efficient, shedding genes to survive in nutrient-poor waters.

It’s a plant! It’s a fungus! It’s… an entirely new type of lifeform hitherto unknown to science? That appears to be the case for a puzzling, spire-shaped organism that lived over 400 million years ago ...

Before trees came along some 400 million years ago, our planet’s landscape was dominated by enigmatic, spire-shaped life-forms that towered more than 25 feet above the ground. Their trunklike fossils ...