Plasma is a state of matter that emerges when a gas is heated to sufficiently high temperatures, prompting some electrons to ...

There are two main types of fluid flow - laminar flow, in which the fluid flows smoothly in layers, and turbulent flow, which is characterised by chaotic motion and large amounts of mixing. In this ...

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...