Out-of-step protection is a critical component of modern power system protection schemes—its importance has grown significantly with the increasing penetration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) and ...

Ground fault protection is a cornerstone in ensuring the safety and operational reliability of modern power systems. Ground faults, which occur when an unintended electrical path connects a live ...

Members can download this article in PDF format. Power systems employ diodes to perform a variety of functions. For example, diodes can protect against damage due to power-source reverse-polarity ...