Blood glucose levels vary, depending on a person’s health status and whether they have eaten. People without diabetes typically have between 72–140 milligrams of glucose per 1 deciliter of blood.

Around 20–40% of the general population are estimated to have insulin resistance—a condition where insulin begins to be less effective in the body, and glucose regulation becomes more difficult.

For ten years, the Fr1da study, coordinated by Helmholtz Munich, has been investigating whether early stages of type 1 diabetes in children can be detected in routine pediatric care. The latest ...