Fermi level pinning describes the phenomenon whereby the energy level at which electrons reside in a semiconductor becomes fixed, or “pinned,” by electronic states at the interface with a metal ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

In this picture, researchers summarize the commonly used methods for adjusting the Schottky barrier, including the work function of the metals, interface gap states, image lowering effect, external ...

(a) Energy bands of metal and n-type semiconductor. (b) Fermi level alignment and electron flow within ohmic heterojunction. (c) Zn deposition on nanoparticles. (d) Fermi pinning caused by dangling ...